Last updated: 2020-11-18

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Highly-multiplexed imaging acquires the spatial expression of multiple biological molecules such as RNA and proteins (here referred to as “markers”). Such data is usually represented as multi-channel images where each channel contains the pixel-intensities of individual molecules. A common step in multiplexed imaging analysis is image segmentation to obtain the outlines of individual cells and quantify cell-specific features such as marker expression, spatial location and morphology. Multiple GUI-based tools, such as histoCAT, giotto, cytokit, ImaCytE and CytoMAP, have been developed to quide users through multiplexed imaging analyses. Those tools however lack full reproducibility and are limited by a small set of selected algortihms. Here, we present cytomapper, a Bioconductor package for visualizing highly-multiplexed imaging data. The cytomapper package builds up on the EBImage functionality to visualize imaging data in R and the SingleCellExperiment container to store cell-specific expression and metadata.

Fig1

Getting help

For a full documentation, please refer to the vignette (vignette("cytomapper")) or the individual help functions (e.g. ?plotCells).

Basic functionailty

The cytomapper package offers three main functions: plotCells, plotPixels and cytomapperShiny

The plotCells function

The plotCells function takes at least a CytoImageList object to visualize segmentation masks. When additionally providing a SingleCellExperiment object, masks can be coloured based on the cells’ expression or their metadata (e.g. cell-type). The cytomapper package supports subsetting of the SingleCellExperiment object to only visualize a selected subset of cells.

The plotPixels function

The plotPixels function requires at least a multi-channel image CytoImageList object. By default, the first marker is visualized. Displayed markers can be selected by by setting colour_by to the entries in channelNames(images). Furthermore, a SingleCellExperiment object and a CytoImageList segmentation mask object can be supplied to outline cells on images.

The cytomapperShiny function

The cytomapper package provides a Shiny app, which can be used to hierarchically gate cells based on their expression and to visualize selected cells on images. This approach can be useful to robustly label cells based on their cell-type. A classifier can be trained using these labels and classify the remaining cells.


sessionInfo()
R version 4.0.3 (2020-10-10)
Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)
Running under: Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS

Matrix products: default
BLAS/LAPACK: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/openblas-pthread/libopenblasp-r0.3.8.so

locale:
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 [5] LC_MONETARY=en_US.UTF-8    LC_MESSAGES=C             
 [7] LC_PAPER=en_US.UTF-8       LC_NAME=C                 
 [9] LC_ADDRESS=C               LC_TELEPHONE=C            
[11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C       

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     

other attached packages:
[1] workflowr_1.6.2

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
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 [9] tools_4.0.3     xfun_0.19       git2r_0.27.1    htmltools_0.5.0
[13] ellipsis_0.3.1  rprojroot_2.0.2 yaml_2.2.1      digest_0.6.27  
[17] tibble_3.0.4    lifecycle_0.2.0 crayon_1.3.4    later_1.1.0.1  
[21] vctrs_0.3.5     promises_1.1.1  fs_1.5.0        glue_1.4.2     
[25] evaluate_0.14   rmarkdown_2.5   stringi_1.5.3   compiler_4.0.3 
[29] pillar_1.4.6    httpuv_1.5.4    pkgconfig_2.0.3